Computer-Assisted Motivational Intervention (CAMI)

Manuscripts

Released in 1979 through 2011

Manuscript

Impact studies rated high or moderate quality

Services intended at ages

0-11 months (WILL BE REMOVED)

12-23 months

Favorable results from well-defined research

No favorable effects found

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CAMI

Related Models:

Effectiveness

Does not meet criteria established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services for an evidence-based home visiting model.

Does not meet criteria for an evidence-based home visiting model for Indigenous peoples and communities.

Extent of Evidence

For more information about manuscripts, search the research database.

For more information on the criteria used to rate research, please see details of HomVEEʼs methods and standards.

Manuscripts

Released in 1979 through 2011

Manuscripts

Eligible for review

Manuscript

Impact studies rated high or moderate quality

Summary of Findings

To see details on each manuscript HomVEE reviewed in well-designed research, click on the manuscript counts in the table.

Favorable:
A finding showing a statistically significant impact on an outcome measure in a direction that is beneficial for children and parents.

No effect:
Findings are not statistically significant.

Unfavorable:
A finding showing a statistically significant impact on an outcome measure in a direction that may indicate potential harm to children and/or parents.

Outcomes	Manuscripts	Favorable Findings	No Effects Findings	Unfavorable Findings
Child development and school readiness	Not measured	-	-	-
Child health	Not measured	-	-	-
Family economic self-sufficiency	Not measured	-	-	-
Linkages and referrals	Not measured	-	-	-
Maternal health	View 1 Manuscript	0	1	0
Positive parenting practices	Not measured	-	-	-
Reductions in child maltreatment	Not measured	-	-	-
Reductions in juvenile delinquency, family violence, and crime	Not measured	-	-	-

Research Characteristics

Well-designed impact studies about this model included participants with the following characteristics:

Race/Ethnicity

Black or African American

97.00%

Unknown

3.00%

Maternal Education

Less than a high school diploma

42.00%

Unknown

58.00%

Implementation

In this section:

Overview

Theoretical approach, intended population, and targeted outcomes.

Support Availability

Service Delivery

Model services, adaptions and enhancements, model intensity and length.

Requirements

Staffing and organizational requirements.

Overview

Theoretical approach

A variety of strategies have been explored to reduce repeat childbearing among adolescent girls, but the results have been modest. The Computer-Assisted Motivational Intervention (CAMI) was based on the premise that the limited success of previous programs might have been due to the lack of attention paid to teens’ level of motivation and ambivalence towards changing their contraceptive behaviors. CAMI was designed to delay repeat childbearing among adolescent girls by increasing the use of contraceptives.

Intended population

CAMI enrolled pregnant and parenting African American adolescents between ages 12 and 18.

Targeted outcomes

CAMI aimed to reduce the percentage of adolescents who had another child within two years.

Highlights

Services intended at ages

0-11 months (WILL BE REMOVED)

12-23 months

Support Availability

Implementation support availability

CAMI was developed by faculty and staff of the University of Maryland Schools of Medicine and Social Work, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

Technical assistance is not available.

Service Delivery

Model services

CAMI provided quarterly home visits during which the participants completed a computer-based survey about their sexual relationships, contraceptive intentions and plans, and current pregnancy prevention practices such as condom use. An algorithm assessed the participant’s risk for repeat pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections and readiness to use contraception and/or condoms. A CAMI counselor used these algorithm results to conduct a 20 to 30 minute tailored, motivational interview with the participant. During the interview, the teen participant and her counselor discussed how the teen’s goals and actions aligned and the counselor encouraged the participant to change her behavior.

No information was available about the curriculum used.

Model intensity and length

Every quarter, the adolescents completed the computer-based survey assessing their sexual relationships, contraceptive intentions and plans, and current pregnancy prevention practices and participated in a motivational interview with the CAMI counselor. Each CAMI session lasted about 1 hour and included the computer-based survey and the 20 to 30 minute motivational interview.

The intervention began within six weeks postpartum (range 1-6 weeks postpartum) and continued for two years.

Adaptations and enhancements

The model developers enhanced the program by pairing CAMI with home-visiting services called CAMI+. In addition to the standard program, CAMI+ provided participants with biweekly or monthly home-based parent training and case management services to help the participants address issues related to housing or child care, for example. The 16-module curriculum, designed specifically for African American adolescent mothers, drew on social cognitive theory and covered topics such as child development and discipline. The home visits were initiated prenatally at about 32 weeks gestation.

Related Models:

Requirements

Staffing requirements

CAMI was administered by a program director and coordinator. The counselors, who conducted the motivational interviews, were paraprofessionals from the participants’ communities. A motivational interviewing consultant provided training and supervision to the CAMI counselors.

There were no education requirements for staff; however, the CAMI counselors had experience working with adolescents and were knowledgeable about the participants’ communities. In addition, the counselors were required to achieve a level of motivational interviewing proficiency as measured by videotaped standardized patient interviews.

A motivational interviewing consultant held biweekly group training and supervision meetings during the first four months of the project during which recorded CAMI sessions were reviewed. A program coordinator supervised the five counselors to ensure that activities were being conducted per protocol.

The CAMI counselors received 2.5 days of pre-service training. Each counselor was videoed delivering a session, and the interview was assessed using the Motivational Interviewing Process Code, a measure used to evaluate an interviewer’s proficiency with the technique.

Organizational requirements

No specific requirements exist for eligible implementing agencies, although agencies best suited to implement the model have staff with knowledge and training in motivational interviewing and knowledge of adolescent health issues, contraceptive methods, and condom use.

No information was available about the fidelity guidelines that implementing programs or CAMI counselors were required to meet.

HomVEE requests input and feedback from the model developers on their profiles. The information in this implementation profile reflects feedback, if provided, from this model’s developer as of the above date. HomVEE reserves the right to edit the profile for clarity and consistency. The description of the implementation of the model(s) here may differ from how the model(s) was implemented in the manuscripts reviewed to determine this model’s evidence of effectiveness. Model developers are encouraged to notify HomVEE of any changes to their contact information on this page.